To do so, open a Command Prompt or PowerShell window-for example, by searching for “Command Prompt” in the Start menu and clicking its shortcut, or right-clicking the Start button and selecting “Windows PowerShell.” Type the following command, and then press Enter: If you prefer, you can instead perform a full shutdown by using the shutdown command from a Command Prompt or PowerShell window. This works whether you’re clicking the option in the Start menu, on the sign-in screen, or on the screen that appears after you press Ctrl+Alt+Delete. You can also perform a full shut down by pressing and holding the Shift key on your keyboard while you click the “Shut Down” option in Windows. On the other hand, it’s counterintuitive that the “Restart” option performs a more complete shut down than the “Shut Down” option. Microsoft made this decision because people experiencing problems often reboot their computers to fix them, so it makes some sense. Windows restarts your computer, but it performs a full shut down first and discards the state of the kernel while doing so. To do this, just click the “Restart” option in the menu instead of the “Shut Down” option. If you’re troubleshooting system problems, you’ll want to perform a full shut down of the kernel to ensure Windows reinitializes things from scratch. How to Perform a Full Shut Down and Restart Windows saves the current state and restores it instead of reinitializing everything. But it means that if a hardware driver in your kernel is stuck in a weird state, shutting down your PC and then booting it back up again won’t fix the problem. This kernel hibernation process all happens automatically when you click “Shut Down,” and people will rarely notice the difference. Loading a snapshot of the kernel speeds up the startup process, as Windows doesn’t have to take time to load all the device drivers and reinitialize your hardware devices. The hardware drivers that your computer uses to interact with its hardware devices are part of the kernel. It has full control over your computer and is one of the first things loaded during the boot process. The kernel is the low-level core program at the heart of the operating system. The next time you boot your PC, Windows restores the kernel and starts up the rest of the system. With Fast Startup enabled, Windows 10 discards all your open programs and files (as it would during a traditional shutdown), but saves the state of the Windows kernel to disk (as it would during hibernation). When you hibernate, Windows saves the entire system state, including all your open programs and files, to disk so you can quickly resume from where you left off.įast Startup mixes the traditional shutdown process with hibernation. In the traditional shutdown process, Windows fully shuts down everything, discards the running system state, and starts up from scratch the next time the PC boots. This feature was introduced in Windows 8, and has also been called Fast Boot and Hybrid Boot or Hybrid Shutdown. This weirdness is all thanks to Windows 10’s “Fast Startup” feature, which is enabled by default. Why Doesn’t the “Shut Down” Option Fully Shut Down? When faced with weird system problems that may be caused by a buggy driver or other low-level software issues, the problem persisted after shutting down our PC and booting it back up. We’ve personally experienced this problem ourselves. If you’re experiencing computer problems and need to reset that state, you’ll need to restart your PC instead. It hibernates the kernel, saving its state so it can boot faster. When you click “Shut Down” on your Windows 10 PC, Windows doesn’t fully shut down.
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